Growing Hawaii’s Native Plants

Using a clear easy-to-read format, Growing Hawaii’s Native Plants contains an extensive, thoroughly researched entry for each of the 1,191 true existing native Hawaiian species. For each entry there is a species description information on provenance, growing methods, germination rates, pest and disease control, and most importantly, directions for out planting.

This book is a one-stop reference work for scientists and nursery owners, conservationists and backyard gardeners alike. Tropical gardeners and conservationists around the world will also find this volume a valuable addition to the comparatively small literature on tropical plant propagation and conservation.

Part One: The Basics of Native Hawaiian Plant Propagation

Seed Preparation

Collecting Seeds
• Fleshy or pulpy fruits
• Dry fruits (seeds)
• Keeping records and labeling

Cleaning Seeds
• Fleshy or pulpy fruits
• Dry fruits (seeds)
• Cleaning seeds manually

Storing Seeds
• Desiccation
• Temperature
• Short-lived seeds

Methods of Propagation

PreTreatment of Seeds
• Pregermination treatments
• Water soaking
• Scarification
• Acid scarification
• No pretreatment

Germination
• Seed potting mixes
• Recommended seed mix
• Containers
• Sowing seeds
• Water regimes
• Seedling care
• Transplanting and media
• Nutrition and fertilizers

Asexual (Clonal) Propagation
• Cuttings
• Air layering
• Grafting

Pteridophyte (Fern) ?Propagation
• Collecting spores
• Starting spores
• Transplanting and media

Greenhouse

Greenhouse Management
• Materials
• Shade
• Irrigation
• Sanitation
• Pest and disease management
• Container production and maintenance

Transplanting and Outplanting

Transplanting and Outplanting
• Location
• Soil preparation
• Site preparation
• Nutrition and fertilizers

Pest Control
• Pest management
• Weed management

Part Two: Native Hawaiian ?Plant Profiles and Propagation Techniques by Family and Genera

Agavaceae
Aizoaceae
Amaranthaceae
Anacardiaceae
Apiaceae
Apocynaceae
Aquifoliaceae
Araliaceae
Arecaceae
Asteraceae

Begoniaceae
Boraginaceae
Brassicaceae

Campanulaceae
Capparaceae
Caryophyllaceae
Celastraceae
Chenopodiaceae
Convolvulaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Cuscutaceae
Cyperaceae

Droseraceae

Ebenaceae
Elaeocarpaceae
Epacridaceae
Ericaceae
Euphorbiaceae

Fabaceae
Flacourtiaceae

Gentianaceae
Geraniaceae
Gesneriaceae
Goodeniaceae
Gunneraceae

Hydrangeaceae
Hydrocharitaceae
Hydrophyllaceae

Iridaceae

Joinvilleaceae
Juncaceae

Lamiaceae
Lauraceae
Liliaceae
Loganiaceae

Malvaceae
Menispermaceae
Moraceae
Myoporaceae
Myrsinaceae
Myrtaceae

Nyctaginaceae

Oleaceae
Orchidaceae

Pandanaceae
Papaveraceae
Phytolaccaceae
Piperaceae
Pittosporaceae
Plantaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae
Poaceae
Polygonaceae
Portulacaceae
Primulaceae

Ranunculaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rosaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae

Santalaceae
Sapindaceae
Sapotaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Smilacaceae
Solanaceae

Theaceae
Thymelaeaceae

Urticaceae

Verbenaceae
Violaceae
Viscaceae

Zygophyllaceae

Hawaiian and Common Plant Names:

 

‘A‘ali‘i

‘A‘ali‘i mahu

A‘e

‘Ae‘ae

‘Ahakea

‘Ahaniu

‘Äheahea

‘Ähinahina

‘Ahu‘awa

A‘ia‘i

‘Aiea

‘Aka‘akai

Aka‘aka‘awa

‘Aka‘akai naku

‘Äkala

‘Äkalakala

‘Äkia

Akiahala

‘Aki‘aki

‘Akiohala

‘Akoko

‘Äkölea

‘Aku

‘Akulikuli

‘Äkulikuli ‘ae‘ae

‘Äla‘a

‘Ala‘alahua

‘Ala‘ala wai nui

Alahe‘e

Alani

Alani kuahiwi

Ale

Alena

Alkaliweed

Aloalo

Älula

‘Änapanapa

‘Änaunau

Änini

‘Änunu

‘Ape

‘Ape‘ape

Au

Äulu

Aupaka

‘Awa

‘Awa kanaloa

Awa uli

‘Awapuhiakanaloa

‘Äweoweo

‘Äwikiwiki

‘Äwiwi

Bastard sandalwood

Beach dropseed

Beach morning glory

Beach pea

Beach vitex

Beak-rush

Bentgrass

Blueberry

Blue-eyed-grass

Bluegrass

Bulrush

Caltrop

Caper bush

Catchfly

Clay’s hibiscus

Crabgrass

Cranesbill

Cudweed

Dock

Dwarf iliau

Dwarf naupaka

Ehu‘awa

‘Eke Silversword

‘Ekoko

Ëlama

Eluehe

‘Ena‘ena

Fagara

False nettle

Fescue

Flowering maple

Fringed orchid

Golden beardgrass

Gray nickers

Great bulrush

Greensword

Ha‘a

Hä‘awa

Hähä

Hahala

Hähä lua

Hairgrass

Ha‘iwale

Hala

Hala pepe

Hälena

Hame

Hao

Hau hele

Hau hele ‘ula

Hau hele wai

Hau kuahiwi

Hawaiian cotton

Hawaiian dracaena

Hawaiian ebony

Hawaiian erythraea

Hawaiian holly

Hawaiian mint

Hawaiian mistletoe

Hawaiian moonflower

Hawaiian nettle

Hawaiian noni

Hawaiian pearls

Hawaiian plantain

Hawaiian poppy

Hawaiian raspberry

Hawaiian sandalwood

Hawaiian seagrass

Hawaiian sumac

Hawaiian vetch

Hea‘e

Heau

Heuhiuhi

He’upueo

Hilie‘e

Hilo grass

Hinahina kahakai

Hinahina

Hinahina kü kahakai

Hö‘awa

Hoi kuahiwi

Hölei

Hölio

Hona

Honohono

Höpue

Höwaiaulu

Hu‘ahu‘akö

Hue

Huehue

Hue ‘ie

Huluhulu

Hulumoa

Hunakai

Hupilo

‘Ie

‘Ie‘ie

‘Ihi

‘Iliahi

‘Iliahialo‘e

Iliau

‘Ilie‘e

‘Ilihia

‘Ilima

‘Inalua

Jewel orchid

Kadua

Kä‘e‘e

Kä‘e‘e‘e

Kä‘i‘iwi

Käkua o hi‘iaka

Kakalaioa

Kala

Kalamona

Kalia

Kalili

Kaluhä

Kämakahala

Kämanamana

Kanaloa

Kanawao

Kanawao ke ‘oke ‘o

Käpana

Kauhi

Kauila

Kaulu

Kaumahana

Kauno‘a

Kauna‘oa

Kauna‘oa kahakai

Kauna‘oa lei

Kauna‘oa mälolo

Kauna‘oa pehu

Kauna‘oa uka

Kauokahiki

Ka‘u Silversword

Kuawäwaenohu

Kauwila

Kava

Käwa‘u

Kea

Keahi

Kili‘o‘opu

Kilioe

Kio‘ele

Kiolohia

Kïponapona

Kïpükai

Koa

Koai‘a

Koai‘e

Koali ‘awa

Koa‘ohä

Ko‘oloa ‘ula

Kohekohe

Koholäpehu

Koki‘o

Koki‘o kea

Koki‘o ke‘oke‘o

Koki‘o ‘ula

Koki‘o ‘ula‘ula

Koko

Kökomälei

Kölea

Kölea lau nui

Koli‘i

Kolokolo kahakai

Kolokolo kuahiwi

Kolomona

Ko‘oko‘olau

Ko‘olau

Köpiko

Kou

Kuawäwaenohu

Kukaepua‘a

Kulu‘ï

Kümakani

Küpala

Küpaoa

Lama

Lapalapa

Laukahi kuahiwi

Laukea

Lehua

Liliwai

Liua

Lonomea

Loulu

Lovegrass

Ma‘aloa

Mähoe

Maiapilo

Maiele

Maile

Makaloa

Mäkole

Makoloa

Makou

Mäkü

Mälolo

Mämake

Mämaki

Mämane

Mamani

Manele

Manene

Manono

Ma‘o

Ma‘o hau hele

Mä‘ohi‘ohi

Ma‘oloa

Mäpele

Maua

Mau‘u ‘aki‘aki

Mau‘u hö‘ula ‘ili

Mau‘u lä‘ili

Mau‘u pu‘uka‘a

Mehame

Mehamehame

Mikinalo

Möhihi

Mohihihi

Mokihana

Mokou

Mountain pili

Nä‘ü

Na‘ena‘e

Naeo

Naieo

Naio

Naku

Nänaku

Nanea

Nani Wai‘ale‘ale

Nänü

Naule

Naupaka kai

Naupaka kuahiwi

Nehe

Neki

Neleau

Nena

Neneleau

Nïoi

Nohoanu

Nohu

Nohunohu

Noni kuahiwi

Nuku

Nuku ‘i‘iwi

Nutgrass

O‘a

‘Öhä

‘Öhä wai

‘Ohai

‘Öhe‘e

‘Ohe kiko‘olä

‘Ohe kukuluae‘o

‘Ohe makai

‘Ohe mauka

‘Ohe naupaka

‘Ohe

‘Ohe‘ohe

‘Öhelo

‘Öhelo kai

‘Öhelo kau lä‘au

‘Öhelo papa

‘Oheokai

‘Öhi‘a

‘Öhi‘a hä

‘Öhi‘a lehua

‘Ölapa

‘Öliko

‘Oloa

Olomea

Olonä

‘Olopü

Olopua

‘Ölulu

‘Öpelu

‘Öpiko

Öpuhe

Pä‘ihi

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